Governance Decline in Africa

By Libby George
LONDON (Reuters) – Nearly half of Africa's citizens live in countries where governance has worsened over the past decade. A new report highlights deteriorating security as a significant factor in eroding governance progress.

The annual Ibrahim Index of African Governance revealed that although 33 countries saw positive changes, governance was worse in 21 countries in 2023, affecting just under half of Africa's population since 2014.

Countries like Nigeria and Uganda experienced particularly marked declines in governance, especially in the latter half of the decade, according to the report from Mo Ibrahim's foundation.

Ibrahim noted a substantial arc of instability and conflict, emphasizing that deteriorating security is a primary driver of governance issues. He cited recent coups in West Africa and ongoing conflict in Sudan, while stating that poor governance also contributes to violence and instability.

“As governance deteriorates—due to corruption and marginalization—people may resort to arms,” he stated.

Despite improvements in infrastructure, mobile access, energy, and women’s equality for about 95% of Africans, public perception about governance remains bleak. Areas like health, education, and the business environment have seen continent-wide improvements, yet public perception indicators, excluding those related to women's leadership, have declined.

The most significant drops were in perceptions of economic opportunities and safety.

The foundation suggests that high public dissatisfaction could stem from rising expectations in improving countries and a focus on shortcomings. Ibrahim warned that such dissatisfaction could lead to unrest and increased migration or conflict.